LOGOS DAN ALGORITMA: KETEGANGAN EPISTEMOLOGIS DALAM PENDIDIKAN TEOLOGI KRISTEN  DI ERA SOCIETY 5.0

Fernando Tambunan

doi:10.38052/gamaliel.v8i2.483

LOGOS DAN ALGORITMA: KETEGANGAN EPISTEMOLOGIS DALAM PENDIDIKAN TEOLOGI KRISTEN DI ERA SOCIETY 5.0

Fernando Tambunan

Abstract

Era Society 5.0 tidak hanya membawa perubahan teknologi, tetapi juga menghadirkan ketegangan epistemologis dalam memahami pengetahuan, kebenaran, relasi, dan tujuan pendidikan. Tantangan ini muncul ketika rasionalitas teologis yang berakar pada wahyu, relasi, hikmat, dan pembentukan spiritual berhadapan dengan rasionalitas algoritmik yang menekankan data, prediksi, optimisasi, personalisasi, dan efisiensi komputasional. Artikel ini bertujuan merumuskan Model Integrasi Kritis-Teologis bagi pendidikan teologi Kristen di era Society 5.0. Penelitian menggunakan studi pustaka kualitatif dengan pendekatan hermeneutis-kritis melalui reduksi konseptual, kategorisasi tematik, analisis hermeneutis-kritis, dan rekonstruksi konseptual. Hasil sintesis menghasilkan empat dimensi utama: Personal–Relasional, Normatif–Discernment, Temporal–Hikmat, dan Paideia–Kompetensi, yang dijabarkan ke dalam sembilan subdimensi. Berdasarkan pemetaan tersebut dirumuskan empat prinsip: Kristosentrisme Epistemologis, Literasi Digital Kritis-Profetis, Pedagogi Inkarnasional, dan Komunitas Epistemik. Model ini menempatkan algoritma sebagai sarana pelayanan pendidikan dalam orientasi teologis Kristen.

The Society 5.0 era brings not only technological change but also epistemological tensions concerning knowledge, truth, relationships, and the purpose of education. This challenge emerges as theological rationality, rooted in revelation, relationships, wisdom, and spiritual formation, encounters algorithmic rationality that emphasizes data, prediction, optimization, personalization, and computational efficiency. This article aims to formulate a Critical-Theological Integration Model for Christian theological education in the Society 5.0 era. The study employs a qualitative literature review with a critical-hermeneutical approach through conceptual reduction, thematic categorization, critical-hermeneutical analysis, and conceptual reconstruction. The synthesis produces four main dimensions: Personal–Relational, Normative–Discernment, Temporal–Wisdom, and Paideia–Competence, elaborated into nine subdimensions. Based on this mapping, four principles are formulated: Epistemological Christocentrism, Critical-Prophetic Digital Literacy, Incarnational Pedagogy, and Epistemic Community. The model positions algorithms as instruments serving education within a Christian theological orientation.

Full Text:

PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)

References

Bauman, Zygmunt. Liquid Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013.

Christie, Nefvina Agatha. “Optimalisasi Kurikulum Merdeka Dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen Pada Era Digital.” Shalom: Jurnal Teologi Kristen 3, no. 1 (2023): 62–74.

Crouch, Andy. The Life We’re Looking For: Reclaiming Relationship in a Technological World. New York: Convergent Books, 2022.

Darti, Darti, Djoys Anneke Rantung, Lamhot Naibaho, and Noh Ibrahim Boiliu. “Pembelajaran Transformatif Pendidikan Agama Kristen Di Era Teknologi Digital.” Regula Fidei : Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Kristen 8, no. 2 SE-Articles (September 30, 2023): 133–146.

Dwikoryanto, Matius I Totok, Yudi Hendrilia, and Carolina Etnasari Anjaya. “Sekolah Kristen Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen Dalam Persiapan Menghadapi Era Society 5.0.” Regula Fidei : Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Kristen 6, no. 2 SE-Articles (October 4, 2021): 97–108.

Dyer, John. From the Garden to the City: The Redeeming and Corrupting Power of Technology. Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications, 2011.

Eliot, T. S. “Choruses from ‘The Rock’,” in Collected Poems 1909–1962. London: Faber & Faber, 1963.

Floridi, Luciano. The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: Principles, Challenges, and Opportunities. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023.

———. The Onlife Manifesto: Being Human in a Hyperconnected Era. Cham: Springer, 2015.

Giddens, Anthony. The Consequences of Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990.

Gillespie, Tarleton. “The Relevance of Algorithms,” in Media Technologies: Essays on Communication, Materiality, and Society. Edited by Tarleton Gillespie; Pablo J. Boczkowski; Kirsten A. Foot. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2014.

Groome, Thomas H. Christian Religious Education: Sharing Our Story and Vision. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1980.

Gulo, Rezeki Putra, and Tony Salurante. “Revitalisasi Pendidikan Kristen Di Anticipating Era: Studi Eksposisi Efesus 5:15-16.” TELEIOS: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 3, no. 2 (2023): 145–157.

Gulo, Ya’aman, Talizaro Tafonao, and Rita Evimalinda. “Strategi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen Di Era Society 5.0.” SHAMAYIM: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani 2, no. 1 (2021): 62–74.

Han, Byung-Chul. The Burnout Society, Terj. Erik Butler. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2015.

Harefa, Febriaman Lalaziduhu, and Jeane Paath. “Doing Mission Dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) Menyambut Era Society 5.0.” SCRIPTA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pelayanan Kontekstual 14, no. 2 (2022): 90–105.

Hart, Christopher. Doing a Literature Review: Releasing the Research Imagination. 2nd ed. London: SAGE Publications, 2018.

Herzfeld, Noreen. In Our Image: Artificial Intelligence and the Human Spirit. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2002.

Herzfeld, Noreen L. “Creating in Our Own Image: Artificial Intelligence and the Image of God.” Zygon 37, no. 2 (2002): 303–316.

Issler, Klaus, and Ronald Habermas. How We Learn: A Christian Teacher’s Guide to Educational Psychology. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1994.

Jr., Cornelius Plantinga. Engaging God’s World: A Christian Vision of Faith, Learning, and Living. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2002.

Kelsey, David H. To Understand God Truly: What’s Theological about a Theological School. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1992.

Knight, George R. Filsafat Pendidikan: Sebuah Pendahuluan Dari Perspektif Kristen. Jakarta: Universitas Pelita Harapan Press, 2009.

Kristiana, Pestaria Happy. “Revitalisasi Kompetensi Dosen Pendidikan Tinggi Teologi Di Era Internet of Things.” KHARISMATA: Jurnal Teologi Pantekosta 5, no. 2 (2023): 168–184.

Martin Putra Hura, Septiniar Laoli, and Marisa Aulia Gea. “Transformasi Metode Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen Di Era Digital.” Coram Mundo: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 6, no. 1 (2024): 01–20.

Napitupulu, Anton, and Rezeki Putra Gulo. “Artificial Intelligence Dan Transformasi Pendidikan Kristen: Integrasi Teknologi Cerdas Ke Dalam Pembelajaran.” MEFORAS: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 1, no. 1 (2024): 63–75.

Noble, Safiya Umoja. Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism. New York: NYU Press, 2018.

Office, Cabinet. Report on The 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan. Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications / Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry / Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. Tokyo, Japan, 2015. https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/kihonkeikaku/5basicplan_en.pdf.

Paré, Guy, Marie Claude Trudel, Mirou Jaana, and Spyros Kitsiou. “Synthesizing Information Systems Knowledge: A Typology of Literature Reviews.” Information and Management 52, no. 2 (2015): 183–199.

Postman, Neil. Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology. New York: Knopf, 1992.

Schwab, Klaus. Shaping the Future of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Geneva: World Economic Forum, 2018.

Smith, James K. A. Desiring the Kingdom: Worship, Worldview, and Cultural Formation. Grand Rapids: MI: Baker Academic, 2009.

Taylor, Mark C. After God. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.

Telaumbanua, Arozatulo. “Analysis of Behavioristic Learning Theory Based on John 4:1-42 and Its Application in Christian Religious Education.” Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Kristen (JUPAK) 3, no. 2 (2023): 35–50.

Tillich, Paul. Theology of Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1959.

UNESCO. Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research. Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research. Paris: UNESCO Publishing, 2023.

Vallor, Shannon. The AI Mirror: How to Reclaim Our Humanity in an Age of Machine Thinking. New York: Oxford University Press, 2024.

Waruwu, Yamotani. “Pendidikan Agama Kristen Dalam Era Ai: Menggunakan Kecerdasan Buatan Untuk Personalisasi Pembelajaran Spiritual.” Jurnal Abdiel: Khazanah Pemikiran Teologi, Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Musik Gereja 8, no. 2 (2024): 151–165.

Weber, M, and T Parsons. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Dover Books on the American Indians. London & New York: Dover Publications, 2003.

Wolterstorff, Nicholas. Educating for Shalom: Essays on Christian Higher Education. Grand Rapid: Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2004.

Zai, Jenius, and Aprianus Lendrik Moimau. “Artificial Intelligence Dan Implikasinya Dalam Kehidupan Orang Kristen Di Era Digital.” The New Perspective in Theology and Religious Studies 5, no. 2 (2024): 273–294.

Zai, Suardin, and Juan Carlos. “Model Pengembangan Penguatan Mutu Dan Manajemen Pendidikan Agama Kristen Berbasis Sekolah Di Era Society 5.0.” Religion: Jurnal Agama, Sosial, dan Budaya 3, no. 3(5) (2024): 1–13.

Zuboff, Shoshana. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. PublicAffairs Hachette Book Group. New York: PublicAffairs, 2019.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.38052/gamaliel.v8i2.483